Moeen Ali took five wickets for the second time in his career as Bangladesh collapsed from 171 for one to 220 all out on an eventful first day in Dhaka.
The Worcestershire star, who finished with 5-57, was chief instigator as England took nine wickets for just 49 runs to turn the Test on its head.
England, however, then relinquished their grip on the game as they slipped to 50 for three at the close. After losing the toss, England were handed the perfect start to the morning as a short, wide delivery from Chris Woakes was swatted to Duckett at point by Imrul Kayes.
Both Woakes and Steven Finn had extracted some early juice from the surface and Tamim struggled, taking 20 balls to get off the mark, but once he did the 27-year-old went into overdrive.
Moeen Ali was introduced in the seventh over but both Tamim and Mominul Haque used their feet astutely, determined not to let him settle. Debutant Zafar Ansari got similar treatment, despite enticing an edge from Tamim with his second ball in Test cricket.
Tamil duly brought up his 19th Test half century, off 60 balls, shortly before lunch, and Mominul secured his own just after. He did enjoy a reprieve by a review, replays showing a ball from Stokes had deflected behind off his thigh pad, not his bat.
The pair’s enterprising modus operandi was reaping rewards and two dismissive cover drives off Ali brought Tamim to his eighth Test hundred, celebrated wildly in the stands.
But moments later he was out, inexplicably leaving an Ali delivery that pinned him in front. Despite a review, the ball was adjudged to have been hitting off stump on DRS and he had to go with the score at 171.
That sparked an incredible collapse with Mominul next to fall, undone by a quicker delivery from Ali that he could only edge onto his stumps. With Stokes bowling a tight line at the other end, the run rate was being strangled.
Mahmudullah had made 13 by the time he succumbed to Stokes’ nagging line, fending at a ball outside off stump and edging through to Alastair Cook, who took a straight-forward catch.
There was nothing straight-forward about Cook’s next catch. Mushfiqur, who’d been pinned on the helmet the previous over by Stokes, came down the track and squirted one through his legs. The captain got a hand on the ball at leg slip, before clutching onto the rebound.
And to round off a brilliant session for England, in which they took 5-87, Sabbir Rahman was the next man out, edging through to Bairstow off Stokes.
The carnage continued after tea as Shuvagata Hom flashed hard at a drive off Woakes and sent an edge through to Bairstow. Mehedi Hasan departed in the next over after Ali wisely called for a review on an LBW shout that was turned down by umpire Dharmasena.
Shakib made it eight wickets lost for 44 runs when he grubbed a full ball behind to Bairstow, a dismissal that saw him equal Matt Prior’s record for catches by an England wicketkeeper in a calendar year with 54.
Kamrul Islam was the last to go, as he edged behind to hand Ali his fifth wicket, Joe Root pocketing an excellent diving catch at slip. But the drama didn’t stop there.
Ben Duckett was caught by Mushfiqur down the legside off Shakib three balls after smashing him for six before Cook was given out LBW to Mehedi Hasan on review. Gary Ballance creamed back-to-back boundaries off Mehedi Hasan but then nicked behind to an excellent delivery from the 18-year-old as England slumped to 42-3.
By the time rain ended proceedings early, they had moved on to 50-3 with Root and Ali at the crease.
England will come face to face with a now familiar Bangladesh side in the opening game of ICC Champions Trophy 2017 next June. Bangladesh's stunning run in the 50-over format over the past 18 months ended with defeat to England in their own backyard earlier this month, but will the hosts repeat the feat in June. See both England and Bangladesh play group fixtures against New Zealand in at the Cardiff Wales Stadium in next year's tournament. CLICK HERE for tickets